Art - A Culturally Constructed Myth :: American Culture Essays

Art - A Culturally Constructed MythThe development of semiotics in the 20th cytosine revealed much about ideology in mass culture. Structuralist Roland Barthes texts on the matter are very much products of their times, yet many still have a troubling modern-day relevance. Barthes Mythologies demonstrates the possibilty to find meaning through the trivia of everyday life. He claims to want to challenge the innoncence and naturalness of cultural texts and practices, as they are capable of producing a wad of supplementary meanings, or connotations.Although objects, gestures and practices have a certain utilitarian function, they are not resistant to the imposition of meaning. Barthes wants to suspend consideration of function, and concentrate rather on what things mean and how they function as signs. Mythologies is a study of the ways in which mass culture constructs this mythological reality and encourages conformity to its own values.Barthes analysis of signs reveals that in that l ocation are very few innoncent objects, that al nigh everything is coded (assigned meaning). Barthes arrives at this conclusion based on his theory of myth that a form (expanded from Saussures sound-image, which was limited to linguistics) and a plan create mythologies sign systems that render one dominant meaning (or signification). For the receiver, this signification arrives automatically and smoothly, thus seemingly denying the intentional re-coding. Barthes believes that this constant creation of myth is how a culture invents its beliefs and narratives, and is able to find meaning in the world.This premise draws a particular parallel in our contemporary society for it is my hypothesis that our culture today locates meaning through mythological art (whether fine, commercial, popular, industrial etc.). Has art truly become myth?In order to read or deconstruct myth, Barthes suggests, one must(prenominal) (1) accept the myth as a cultural construction, thus emptying its meaning (2) rear the myth as full, identifying all manageable signs and significations and finally (3) concede the signifier as both empty and full, capable of signifying many things, yet with only one clear, dominant meaning. It is my argument that such a deconstruction crapper render art as myth.Having realized art as a structured cultural phenomenon, and having emptied its direct and apparent meaning, it is possible to identify all its possible significations. Interestingly enough, I find that art reveals many diametrically opposed significations expression and oppression, bias and acceptance, individual and society, creativity and confinement, and freedom and convention, among others. Art signifies the de-politicization of our culture, for even the most political of pieces cease to cause a stir among the masses.

Emilia, A Heroine of Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Emilia, A Heroine of Shakespeares Othello Shakespeare, in his tragedy Othello, presents a diminished character who does great things in the final act. Her character is deserving of analysis. Kenneth Muir, in the Introduction to William Shakespeare Othello, explains the penury of Emilia through most of the play Emilias character, too, is determined by the plot. In the source, the villains wife is privy to the nefarious designs. Shakespeare wisely makes her, like the other characters, ignorant of Iagos character. She knows that she has lost his love, and her unhappy marriage drives her to cynicism about sex that she tries to win back her husbands affections by carrying out his wishes, even when this involves betrayal of the mistress she loves. (41) A.C. Bradley, in his book of literary criticism, Shakespearean Tragedy, defines the character of the ancients wife Few of Shakespeares minor characters are more distinct than Emilia, and towards few do our feelings change so much within the course of the play. Till close to the end she frequently sets wizs tooth on edge and at the end one is ready to worship her. She nowhere shows any sign of having a bad heart but she is common, sometimes vulgar, in minor matters far from scrupulous, blunt in perception and feeling, and quite destitute of imagination. She let Iago take the handkerchief though she knew how much its deprivation would distress Desdemona and she said nothing about it though she saw that Othello was jealous. (222) Emilia is not mentioned in the play until the initial furor of the first two scenes subsides. Brabantios rage, among other reasons, necessitate that Desdemona live with Iago and Emilia during the Moors campaign in Cyprus against... ...g murder And your reports have set the murder on. Emilia is aware that she is violating favorable convention here Tis proper I obey him, but not now. This violation costs her dearly. Emilias stunning interrogation and conviction of her hold husband as the e vil mastermind behind the murder results in Iagos killing her. She becomes a martyr for the cause of truth and justice. Quite all of a sudden she is transformed into a heroine of the play WORKS CITED Bayley, John. Shakespeare and Tragedy. Boston Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., 1981. Bradley, A. C.. Shakespearean Tragedy. New York Penguin, 1991. Muir, Kenneth. Introduction. William Shakespeare Othello. New York Penguin Books, 1968. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.

Parkinsons Disease Essay -- Health

Parkinsons infirmity (PD) is a striatal dopamine deficiency disorder as a emergence of neuronal loss in the substania nigra. It is named after James Parkinson, a British apothecary, who first fully documented its physical signs in 1817. Since then, significant advances have been make in our understanding of characteristic pathophysiology as well as in the medical treatment of different stages of PD. An overview of condition features in terms of epidemiology, manifestations, diagnosis and disease management will be discussed in this paper.I.EpidemiologyParkinsons disease is a common form of Parkinsonism, affecting as many as one step up of every hundred people aged 65 years and over. The disease prevalence increases with age, with approximately 2% of those older than 80 years having PD. It is estimated that the number of patients diagnosed with PD is around 110,000 in the UK. No significant gender predominance has been recognised in most(prenominal) epidemiological studies althou gh some evidence implies that men are to a greater extent likely to develop PD than their counterparts. Owning to population aging, the incidence of PD is anticipated to rise dramatically in the coming decades. Despite being the second most common neurodegenerative illness after Alzheimers disease, the cause of PD remains elusive. To date, a considerable amount of literature has suggested that the disorder may be precipitated by either or both genetic and environmental factors (e.g. ingestion or inhalation of a neurotoxin called MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine).II.ManifestationsParkinsons disease is classically characterised by the tetrad of clinical features, as follows bradykinesia or slowness of movement, rest tremor (usually described as pil... ...W, Poewe W, Stocchi F, et al. Rasagiline as an adjunct to levodopa in patients with Parkinsons disease and motor fluctuations (LARGO, steadfast effect in Adjunct therapy with Rasagiline Given Once daily, study) a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trial. The Lancet. 12365(9463)94754. 10. Rabey JM, Sagi I, Huberman M, Melamed E, Korczyn A, Giladi N, et al. Rasagiline mesylate, a new MAO-B inhibitor for the treatment of Parkinsons disease a double-blind study as adjunctive therapy to levodopa. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2000 Dec23(6)32430. 11. Oldfield V, Keating GM, Perry CM. Rasagiline a review of its use in the management of Parkinsons disease. Drugs. 200767(12)172547. 12. Chen JJ, Ly A-V. Rasagiline A second-generation monoamine oxidase type-B inhibitor for the treatment of Parkinsons disease. Am J wellness Syst Pharm. 2006 May 1563(10)91528.

Influential Renaissance Architecture Essay -- Architecture

As one begins to delve into the history of modern computer computer architecture one quickly realizes the influence that Renaissance architects such as Donato Bramante, Raphael, and Michelangelo had on modern architecture. Simply look around a city at the blood line district and one will see bits and pieces of the Renaissance architecture. The Renaissance architecture has had an influence on architecture throughout the ages. St. Peters BasilicaDonato Bramante was natural in 1444 near Urbino. At an early age Bramante was exposed to the world of art and architecture. Bramantes early exposure to the world of art influenced his future architectural work such as his work on Saint Peters Basilica. Bramante started to gained recognition while he was working on Tempietto that was constructed on the put that is believed to be the site where St. Peter was hung (Benton & Di Yanni, 2005). The work on Tempietto was equip by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain thus, bringing prestige to Br amantes work. It was this type of recognition that led to Bramante being commissioned to design and rebuild St Peters Basilica.Pope Julius II decided that the old basilica need to be torn down because the old basilica had been built in the early fourth century during the era of Constantine therefore, the Pope decided a new basilica was needed. He appointed Bramante as the architecture to build a new Basilica befitting the papacys image (Benton & Di Yanni, 2005). Bramante decided that the new basilica would be a magnificent var. of the Tempietto that he had built in 1502. The design would be a monumentally proportioned, centrally planned church to be capped by an immense dome (Fiero, 2008, p. 196). He did not follow the classical longitudi... ...ivan-architect/louis- henry-sullivan-architect.phpBenton, R. J. & DiYanni, R. (2005). Arts and cultures an introduction to the Humanities. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson-Prentice HallCraven, J. (2010). The Wainwright building. Retri eved on May 12, 2010 from,http//architecture.about.com/od/skyscrapers/ig/Skyscrapers/Wainwright-Building-htmFiero, G.K. (2008). Landmarks in humanities (2nd ed). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill.History-World.org. (unknown). Architecture. Retrieved on may 10, 2010 from,http//history-world.org/greek%20architecture.htmPlanetware.com. (2010). St. Peters Basilica, Vatican City. Retrieved on May 14, 2010 from, http//www.planetware.com/vatican-city/st-peters-basilica-scv-scv-rspv.htmVaticanstate.va. (2010). St. Peters Basilica. Retrieved on May 20, 2010 from,http//vaticanstat.va/EN/Monuments/Saint_Peter_Basilica/

Sylvia Plaths Mirror Essay -- Papers Sylvia Plath Poem Poetry Essays

Sylvia Plaths Mirror Sylvia Plaths Mirror offers a unique perspective on the attitudes of aging. Mirror displays tremendous insight and objectivity into the natural valet behavior of growing older. Plath is able to emphasize the loneliness, hope, despair, and insecurity that awaits us through mankinds incessant addiction with reflection. Mirror expresses the problems associated with aging through terse comparisons between naturalism and desire. Plathes strength of Mirror lies in its ability to establish a solid comparison among appearance and human emotions between the inaugural and second stanzas. At first Mirror introduces reflection as a precise and accurate force through utilizing the first person perspective of a reverberate I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions. Whatever I see I swallow immediately Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike. I am not cruel, only truthful.. (Plathe lines 1-4) This example can then be viewed symbolicall y of appearance especially concerning love or dislike. In that people never hate nor adore their features but merely accept that what they see is what defines them. This faith is reinforced by the quality and type of reflection because it is originating from a mirror which is suppose to be exact, honest, and universal for all. Plathe understanding these principles describes the reflection process by instilling this object with living characteristics such as thought, sight, and a lifestyle Most of the time I meditate on the opposite wall. It is pink with speckles. I have looked at it so long I think it is region of my heart?Faces and darkness separate us over and over. (Pl... ... that not only destroys our reflection but also ones sense of identity, purpose, and confidence. The critical comparisons found in Sylvia Plaths mirror portray a distinctive attitude towards aging. Through contrasting the two separate stanzas the messages of desire, reality, ind ividuality, fear, and insecurity are all demonstrated. Once the essence of Plathes attitude is unlocked in mirror the emotion behind the writing is seen as the motivation for a tone that displays intense longing or weariness towards life. This becomes epitomized throughout Plathes instauration as it utilizes age as a catalyst for the deterioration of the human spirit.Works CitedPlath, Sylvia. ?Mirror.? The Language of Literature American Literature. Eds. Arthur N. Applebee et al. Evanston McDougal Littel, 1997. 252.

Sylvia Plaths Mirror Essay -- Papers Sylvia Plath Poem Poetry Essays

Sylvia Plaths reverberate Sylvia Plaths reverberate offers a unique perspective on the attitudes of aging. Mirror displays tremendous insight and determinationivity into the natural gentlemans gentleman behavior of growing older. Plath is able to emphasize the loneliness, hope, despair, and insecurity that awaits us through mankinds incessant addiction with reflection. Mirror expresses the problems associated with aging through terse comparisons between reality and desire. Plathes strength of Mirror lies in its ability to establish a solid comparison among carriage and human emotions between the first and second stanzas. At first Mirror introduces reflection as a precise and accurate force through utilizing the first psyche perspective of a mirror I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions. Whatever I see I swallow directly Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike. I am not cruel, only truthful.. (Plathe lines 1-4) This example can then be viewed symbolically of appearance especially concerning love or dislike. In that people never hate nor adore their features but merely accept that what they see is what defines them. This faith is beef up by the quality and type of reflection because it is originating from a mirror which is suppose to be exact, honest, and universal for all. Plathe understanding these principles describes the reflection process by instilling this object with living characteristics such as thought, sight, and a lifestyle Most of the time I meditate on the opposite wall. It is pink with speckles. I have looked at it so long I think it is part of my heart?Faces and darkness separate us over and over. (Pl... ... that not only destroys our reflection but as well ones sense of identity, purpose, and confidence. The critical comparisons found in Sylvia Plaths mirror portray a distinctive attitude towards aging. Through contrasting the two separate stanzas the messages of desi re, reality, individuality, fear, and insecurity atomic number 18 all demonstrated. Once the essence of Plathes attitude is unlocked in mirror the emotion behind the writing is seen as the motivation for a tone that displays glowing longing or weariness towards life. This becomes epitomized throughout Plathes presentation as it utilizes age as a catalyst for the deterioration of the human spirit.Works CitedPlath, Sylvia. ?Mirror.? The Language of literary productions American Literature. Eds. Arthur N. Applebee et al. Evanston McDougal Littel, 1997. 252.

Eating Fast Food Essay

The life style in these days has been change regarding the way that people feed in. In this modern time, alimentation agile nutriment becomes a daily habit that people really enjoy to eat. McDonalds, Burger king, Pizza Hut and Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) are fitting examples of the most long-familiar solid food restaurants in the whole wide world.There are many advantageous and disadvantageous of fast food. The advantages of fast food is time saving. As some busy customers arrive home from after work or study, they would not want to wait for a large amount of time to cut their hands on some food. Fast food restaurants are located nearly everywhere, providing customers with simple meals without the need to spend time travelling far distances just to purchase food. This too means the customer does not train to spend a large amount of time inside and outside the kitchen gathering ingredients and act preparing for a single meal, meaning time required for kitchen cleaning is als o not required. Additionally, fast food are always prepared at fast speed, meaning the customer does not need to wait for a long time for their order. It is also cheaper to buy combos at fast food branches than to buy a set meal from normal restaurants. However, this can easily lead to customer eating excessive fast food.Next, the disadvantages of fast food it is health concern. Fast food are generally fatty food made with excessive oil and additives such as salt and sugar, meaning a large amount of gram calorie is present. When customers consumed too much fast food they might become obese and develop diseases such as diabetes, laid-back blood pressure, strokes, and heart related symptoms referable to high cholesterol from excessive fat. Customers may also consume excessive fast food because it is cheap to buy in large quantity. Research has been do proving it is much likely for people living near fast food branches to become obese.see moretopic on junk foodmany young people tod ay suffer from obesity because of eating too much fast food. Breakfast on fries, burger and nuggets all meant a greater chance ofobesity and it can increase the chance of obesity by 50%. Most young people eat fast food as their eat and daily meals. This increases obesity risk because of fast food. The process of preparing the fast food using fat deep frying makes the food becomes oily. KFC and McDonald fast food restaurants also use the cycle oil because they want oil steel the high temperature cooking need to fast frying. Furthermore, cooking oil contains cholesterol fats which are severity for your heart because these substances can clog your arteries. In addition, the fast food ingredients have low nutrient values such as low quality carbohydrates and high train of saturated fat. When some people have obesity, they always fast tired, lazy to do any work and the antibodies are low. Fast food and obesity is related with each other because fast food has high calorie density such as hamburger and cheese.Other than that, eating a dish out of fast food can also cause diabetes. Diabetes is a major public health problem in Malaysia. Some people get diabetes because they eat more food which contains a lot of sugar especially desert such as ice-cream which it can get in a set of sue such as McDonald. This food has high sugar level and can cause increased glucose in blood from normal. Subsequently, they always drink Coke and Pepsi which is could be the cause of diabetes. It because in the drink there is a lot of sugar. Eating a lot of food that contains high carbohydrates such as bun and sieve can cause diabetes. The high carbohydrates content in bun and rice may cause our bodies inability to produce the amount of insulin needed to deal with the level of sugar produced after a meal. It may lead to increased sugar level and block arteries.All in all, choosing fast food for our meals regularly is not a smart choice as all the effect can makes suffer. We need to pr actice healthier diet by avoiding fast food and eating more home cooked meals. Fast food is more harmful than healthy, but if we eat it not very often, it will not damage our health. So, we should be more careful in choosing the right type of food. You can take time to practice healthy lifestyle, make choices for healthy eating that do not have to include avoiding fast food all of the time.

History of French Cinema Essay

The art of cinematography is supposed to be born in France. On December 28, 1885, in integrity of the cafe-saloons at Boulevard des Capucines in Paris a screening by Louis and Auguste Lumiere, LArrivee dun train en gare de la Ciotat, was presented to general frequents attention. Along with some other early movies, including Le Voyage dans la Lune, it marked the birth of a juvenile epoch in arts. Since those propagation French cinema was never on the decline. Currently, it is considered to be very developed and the next best after Hollywood.Early French movies were mostly filmed with the suspensor of the techniques of stop-tricks, multiple exposures, substitutions and other simple special effects. At that, an important role was played by Georges Melies, an influential French movie-maker, who used to promote cinematography and acquire in it many talented composers, actors and screenwriters of those times. During the 1910s numerous comedies with Max Linder gained a huge popularity worldwide. Before the World War I, overwhelming majority of cinema movie products was do in France, mainly at Pathe Freres and Gaumont Pictures.After the war, the era of poetic realism and classicism started in French cinema. Such movies as La Grande Illusion, Les Enfants du Paradis and others were reflecting post-war realities and social life. other direction of French cinema development within the 1930s was comedy, where the contribution of Rene Clair (Le Salaire de la Peur, etc. ) was the most substantial. The movies LAtlante and Zero de Conduite directed by denim Vigo were the examples of further experimentations with cinema production techniques. Modern image of French cinema art started its formation after the World War II and recognition of its aftereffects. undermentioned a series of anti-Nazi movies, during the late 1940s French directors started addressing to the problems of humanism, as well as producing a number of high-quality entertaining movies. Besides, the screen ings of French literature classics, including La Charterhouse at Parma and Le Rouge et le Noir, gained a rapid worldwide popularity. But one of the central cinema works of that period of time is the movie Hiroshima Mon intimacy directed by Alain Resnais. In 1946 the first International Movie Festival took place in Cannes and received the status of annual.Nowadays it is one of the most honored movie festivals, which give opportunity to discover new talents in cinema industry. In the beginning of the 1950s a number of gifted actors of various genres appeared in France Brigitte Bardot, Jean Marais, Bourvil, Maria Casares, Antoine Doinel, Louis de Funes, Serge Reggiani and many others. French cinema was becoming more and more thematic and experimental. On the peak of the new wave in the 1950s, a lot of new directors, such as Jean-Luc Godard, Francois Truffaut, Yves Robert, Francis Veber, Claude Lelouch and Louis Malle made themselves known.The developments of that epoch are regarded to emphasizing conceptual forms of the plot. The movies of Jacques Demy, Les Parapluies de Cherbourg featuring a brilliant French actress Catherine Deneuve and Les Demoiselles de Rochefort, marked a new direction of French cinema art cinema-musical. Within the 1960s-70s a new series of talented actors dominated in French cinema Jean-Louis Trintignant, Jean-Paul Belmondo, Alain Delon, Annie Girardot, just to find a few. Such styles as melodrama, historical movies, classical dramatic repertoire and absurdist experimentations were developing.Also, French comedies regained their worldwide popularity due to outstanding performances of Michel Colucci, Pierre Richard and Gerard Depardieu. During the 1980s about one hundred forty French movies became popular on global level. Modern French cinema is a very sophisticated art, in which human psychology and dramatics of the plot are always united with a little piquancy and artistic beauty. Modern directors like Luc Besson and Francois Ozon are leading the fashion. Popular actors are Jean Reno, Sophie Marceau, Audrey Tautou, and Christian Clavier. French government broadly supports the development and popularization of national cinema products.

Human Nature Essay

After reading Mencius es theorise Mans Nature is in effect(p) and Hsun Tzus essay Mans Nature is Evil It made me relieve oneself that workforce argon shaped by survive. People are born with a blank mind with a desire of some knowledge. Much of what we learn affects our behavior. end-to-end our life, experiences have been shaping what we are. Both Mencius and Tzu believe the complete opposite, arguing that men are born with a genius of cosmos sincere or evil.By reading these articles Ive come to assume that people are born neither good nor evil instead both of these are obtained through the weft of our mind with experiences and all this together has influenced what we frame. Hsun Tzus theory about how human reputation is inherently evil and Mencius about how we are good caught my attention, because it made me realize that man can go either way. Even though I dont agree with either of them entirely, they opened my mind about how nature can turn one way or another. People are not born inherently good because if thats the case then all society would have to be good and would not bother with problems like violence and other chaotic scenarios.To go into a good pathway, people mustiness be straightened by mentors. Like Tzu uses on his essay A warp piece of wood must wait until it has been laid against the straightening board, steamed, and forced into shape in the beginning it can become straight a piece of blunt metal must wait until it has been whetted on a grindstone before it can become perspicacious (101). Family, schools, and religion are a fair way to obtain this goodness. For example these three sources have taught us since childhood to be respectful.This is the kind of experiences one has to quest for in order to be good. Family has taught us to have good manners therefore they work as our mentors. It is just your choice whether to implement these experiences of being good into your life or to go by the experience you been having with the wrong p eople. People arent born evil either. Instead people learn this through experience as well. For example traumatic experience and experiencing poor family conditions can make a child into a delinquent.Mencius said that If you plant the seeds carefully at the alike time and in the same place, theyll all sprout and grow ripe by summer solstice. If they dont grow the same- its because of the inequities in richness of soil, amounts of rainfall, or the care given to them by farmers. And so, all members belonging to a given species of thing are the same (97). In this metaphor Mencius is trying to say that if you are placed in a different habitat where you learn from the outsiders, you are grown by the influence of them, which in his opinion is evil.I shew this to be true but also I want to add that it is not always evil, it can be for the good of somebodies development. Being with the family can be good however sometimes we experience inconsistent parenting or poor parenting where it af fects our development. Sometimes people cant avoid these kinds of experiences but others like being with friends and acting up to their level of immaturity can be avoided. It is up to the experiences youve had that will form into what you become. After going through both essays my mind is personate into these ideas.People are born with a blank mind but also we can change after what become of us, either it is for the good or for the evil. Peers have much to do with a persons behavior. As friends you competency have the tinctureing of just fitting in, having to change your manners to feel part of the group. It depends much on our surroundings this is what triggers our brain to learn from others and development starts operating. Society is an important factor to our development because it is that, what forms our way of living and thinking. People might not like society because they dont agree with something cultural or religious but whatever the circumstances are they still are trig gered by it.At last, my beliefs are now more explained and understood after going through the readings. These articles influenced me to the point that I now believe human nature starts as a blank mind which means we are born without any knowledge and habits. This is when experience comes in. Through our experience with everything around us we become what we are.Our experience since childhood has a great impact in what we are in other words most of our nature comes from family. Nevertheless, I dont mean that everyone is shaped from their parents, what I mean is that there are other sources from experience out there that shapes our development (nature). It is your choice to either keep by-line those experiences, whether the good or the evil, but any how nurture is what will define what you become. Works Cited Austin, Michael, ed. Reading the World Ideas that Matter. New York Norton. 2010. Print. Mencius Mans Nature is Good. Austin 94-98 Tzu, Hsun Mans Nature is Evil.

Interactive Lecture Essay

What is inter brisk lecture?An inter agile lecture is an easy way for instructors to intellectually engage and involve students as active participants in a lecture-based class of any surface. Interactive lectures are classes in which the instructor breaks the lecture at least once per class to have students go into in an performance that lets them work directly with the material. * The instructor might begin the interactive segment with an engagement trigger that captures and maintains student attention. * Then the instructor incorporates an activity that allows students to apply what they have learned or give them a context for upcoming lecture material. * As the instructor feels more comfortable using interactive techniques he or she might begin to call upon a blend of different interactive techniques all in one class period.Why usage interactive lecture?Lecturing is a time-honored direction technique that is an efficient method to present large amounts of content in classes of any size and it is efficient for sharing information with large numbers of students, but may result in students who listen passively. * Making lectures interactive by including techniques such as think-pair-share, demonstrations, and place playing, can foster active engagement and enhance the value of the lecture segments. * Using techniques that allow all of the students to participate, instead of having individual students answer questions when called on, get out promote student retention and learn of the material presented during lecture, give students practice in developing critical-thinking skills, and enable instructors to assess how well the class is acquisition that day. * faulting up the lecture with these techniques not only provides format change to engage students, these activities allow students to immediately apply content and provides feedback to the instructor on student occupation Based Teaching StrategiesThe education on activity based teaching strategiesPr omotes teaching and learning strategies for learning activities, students work and provide opportunities for real life so they can contribute to self-learning and this strategy can be used to investigate the family situation, or discover an argument and the depth the sharpness.Examples of activity based teaching strategies, as follows The excursion Games to make oral presentations Discussion of the training convocation innovative learning through projectsThe concept of learningThe activities are part of the President of the elements of the curriculum strategy and education are also important for other learning strategies and modern media The efforts of physical or mental exertion students (and teachers) to achieve this result, the following defines as learning by students apply to intentional activity, and the deliberate and plannedHe knew the work and activities a student or students responsible for planning, the teachers gather up or desire of the classroom or outside resources , and in the form of movement or say or write according to the source of the chance event the conduct in the place of activity to stop.For us it is clear that the task of wages, and reached a low with a test product, and it is necessary that the timing of how success is affirmable to reach the exit, but the educational activity, whether the teacher did and learning activities is done with the students and the educational activity is a means of learning activities can be educational and various learning activities, but teaching and learning activities with learning activities based on strategic problems of combined measures.Components of practiceIt consists of activities in the preparation and planning of six elements1. back up2. Time3. Objective The production, which aims to4. Standard Admission5. Calendar6. Working (active substance)Benefits and advantages of activity based teaching strategies Learning by students through activity based teaching strategies on experience you get i s of great importance because the education sector, with many goals and the advantages and benefits increasing the students attention and willingness to respond to the educational settings Guide the developing trend of students and their needs and develop their talents and the direction of education is correct. Provide real opportunities for students to self-study, where the benefits of the teaching learning situations in their future. lead to the strengthening of the independence Work in cooperative learning encourage students to take responsibility for their own learning Move the student to reluctance to exercise and respect for manual laborThe role of students in the development and use of learning activities based. The role of students to do different things, including1. Their personal interests2. Participate in educational objectives3. Developing good organizational skills to clutch unions4. Involved in the program flow5. Demonstrate enthusiasm for seeking new knowledg e6. In collaboration with otherThe teacher role in the development and use of activity based teaching strategies. Located in the role of the teacher in developing the strategy of education by learning and the most important things the teacher must first of a activity based teaching strategies, as follows1. The planning and preparation for2. Identify outcomes3. Having noted the outcomes of learning using appropriate strategies such as the agenda report or wish to evaluate the stairs4. Choose the right activities and stimulating for students5. Mechanisms within the group6. Promote cooperation in carrying out activitiesActivity based teaching strategies describes a range of pedagogical approaches to teaching. Its core premises include the requirement that learning should be based on doing some hands on experiments and activities. The idea of activity based teaching strategies is rooted in the common notion that children are active learners rather than passive recipients of information. If child is provided the opportunity to explore by their own and provided an optimum learning environment.

Food Waste in America Essay

40% of the nourishment America produces is supernumerary.1 Have you ever thought of how lots nutriment you waste a day? The sightly American wastes about 250 pounds of food every yr.2 Thats about $600 dollars worth of food.3 Imagine what you could do with $600.00. No one notices what is in the back of their fridge or what goes into their trash can. Before you say that you go int do that, think back to a moment when you had the chance to take the restaurant food home, still you declined it because you were too full. Now, imagine thousands of people doing that every day. Tons and tons of food is wasted. Over 33 million tons of food is wasted every year in America. 4 That is enough to fill a 90,000 seat football stadium to the brim with food over 120 times.5 We waste so lots food that our food waste could power Switzerland for an entire year. Americans should lower the amount of food they waste by taking home extra foodfrom restaurants and purchasing appropriate amounts of food at the broth.1http//www.culinate.com/articles/features/wasted_foodhttp//www.businessinsider.com/faowastedfood20115 3http//www.wisegeek.com/howmuchfooddoestheaverageamericanwaste.htm 4http//www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/organics/food/fdbasic.htm 5http//www.naturalnews.com/033885_food_waste_America.html 2Everybody has been to a restaurant before and not finished their food. Well, did you ever think about bringing it home to finish later? almost people dont think like that, since they are full at the moment, and believe they wont eat it later. Give it a emphasise and bring it home to eat it for a quick dinner later. Well, you might say ,Oh well, I didnt like the food. There is nothing wrong with that. If you dont like the food then, you dont like it. Im not going to argue with that, no one likes to eat everything in the world. All Im saying is open your eye and notice how much food is being wasted at restaurants. Restaurants are Americas food source.We go to restaurants when w e dont feel like making dinner. The average familygoes to dinner around thirty five times a year. So, permits say you waste on average five ounces. of food every time you go to dinner. Thats about ten lbs. of food wasted in one year just by going to restaurants. Now, lets add your family into this. If you have a four member family that would be xl lbs. of food wasted by your family. That is equivalent to around forty plates of food being stupefyn out, and you could have eaten half of that athome. The moral of the story is that if you get down the amount of waste at restaurants, you can make a big difference in lowering Americas waste percentage.The average American family spends about $8,513 on groceries a year, and wastes about $600 of that food.6 Basically, the average American family wastes about fourteen percent of the food they buy. Families are wasting way too much food. My generation has grown up with this, so its all that we know. It is very hard to extinguish a bad habi t. Have you ever heard of the saying, Your eyes are bigger than your stomach? That is actually very true. Have you ever seen people unload their food from their cart at a grocery lineage? I have seen people have so much food that they have to get another cart. That is just ridiculous.If you have a big family, thats fine but if you only have two to four people in your family, then you are purchasing too much food. There are simple ways to not overspend at a grocery store. One way to not overspend at a grocery store is to make a grocery list or have a leftover day. Have aleftovers on Wednesday or Sunday. Not everybody does this, but no one is innocent. most people have overbought amounts of food at some point. Maybe you ate the food ,maybe you didnt. It is important to think before you go along buying more food than you can handle. This goes right back to the saying, your eyes are bigger than your stomach.Taking home food from restaurants and buying appropriate amounts of food at you r local grocery store is a great way to lower food waste. America has the largest waste percentage in the world. That is not anything to be proud of. Do you ever think about how much food you throw away in a month? Food waste is a big problem in America, It could be lowered by just doing a couple simple of steps and by thinking before you throw away something that could be eaten. Food is meant to be eaten not wasted.

“Eleanor Rigby” by The Beatles Essay

Eleanor Rigby is an original numbers written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney of the genius of the most famous bands of all time, the Beatles. The song was about the indistinct story of a woman named Eleanor Rigby who lived a heartrending and desolate livelihood. The still and hollow life of Eleanor Rigby seemed to have followed her after her death as the song depicts the absence of people neither her family nor friends during Eleanors funeral. Lennon and McCartney wrote, Eleanor Rigby died in the church, and was buried along with her name, nobody came. This particular discover suggests the silent passing of Eleanor Rigby that is, as if she never existed when she was still alive, and when she died, her name got lost in the sea of people who were born and have died without leaving any reduce of their existence. In general, Eleanor Rigby represents all the lonely(a) people in the world who suffer the same emptiness and insignificance. Considering the structure and the content of the song Eleanor Rigby, it may be sort as a ballad for various reasons.The defined characteristics of a ballad fit the structure and content of the song. For one, the song tells a story (Characteristics of a lay), although indistinct, about the unpretentious life of Eleanor Rigby and the involvement of Father McKenzie in her interment. The indistinctiveness of Eleanor Rigbys story entails the reading between the lines and the direct interpretation and assumption of her life and how Lennon and McCartney connect it to the sea of lonely faces that live and die not knowing who they are, what theyre supposed to do, and such.Second, the story of Eleanor Rigby is told through simple, uncomplicated language (The Ballad). One can comfortably deduce what her life was all about, although the meaning necessitates a deeper look and understanding, the main idea of the song is clearly understood from the lyrics. Other features of the song that match its sorting as a ballad includes its dr amatic and somber tone, the direction of the first few lines of the song which flat takes the reader or the listener toward cataclysm, and the focus of the song which is on a particular situation or experience.(Characteristics of a Ballad) The feeling of loneliness and sadness is felt throughout the song, from the first line to its last. The continual tone of being abandoned and deserted is reflected leaving behind a depressive and sad state of mind. (Price) Next, the first line, Ah, look at all the lonely people, smashes directly into the catastrophic or tragic motif of the song that is the lonely life of Eleanor Rigby, and her seeming demise even before her actual bereavement. The focus of the song is on her life and how it relates to other lives that are plagued by uselessness and non-existence.The more specific features of the song that are readily observable, depicting its inclination to become categorized as a ballad, has something to do with the repetition of the lines thr oughout the song (The Ballad), particularly the following lines all the lonely people, where do they all come from, all the lonely people, where do they belong. In addition, the song was written on a third-person perspective, such that the author does not interfere with the events in the story constituting the song. The life of Eleanor Rigby was narrated in such a way that the author is identified as an observer or spectator.(The Ballad) Through the basic and observable characteristics of the song, one can classify it as a ballad. From the narrative tone of the song, to the uncomplicated or simple use of language in depicting the story, from the dramatic tone of voice, to the direct theme of cataclysm and tragedy, the repetition of various lines, the third-person perspective, and the single focus of the song, which is on the life of Eleanor Rigby and every other individual she represents, everything comes together to form a lyrical ballad which is meant to be sang revealing variou s emotions of clarity. sWorks CitedThe Ballad. (N. D.) Retrieved from Grinell. 11 December 2008. . Characteristics of a Ballad. (N. D. ) Retrieved from Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. 11 December 2008. . Price, Richard. (2008). REVEALED The Haunting Life drool Behind One of Pops Most Famous Songs Eleanor Rigby. Retrieved from Associated Newspapers Ltd. 11 December 2008.

Case Silic

Case SILIC interrogate 1 Under IAS 40 companies can either lend oneself the exist pretense or the modal(a) respect standard for investment property. Investment property is held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both of them. Next I will summarize of import differences between the nurse determines. If the company has elect the salute perplex it can change it to the comely mensurate sample later. If the true(p) treasure model has chosen it is impossible to move back the approach model in practice. It is very hard to identify any good reason how the terms esteem model will enhance the quality of fiscal surveying if the company has used the clear value method acting before.In that case if the company has chosen the fair value model the company has to use it in the future. The company has to take account of this issue. The cost model The depreciation method is used and ground on the recyclable lifetime or depreciation rate. The depreciation time is ba sed on time how long the investment will turn a profit. The company has to report current value taken off accumulated depreciation on the balance sheet. Depreciations are inform on the income statement. If the company has chosen to use the cost model the fair value alike has to be reported in the nones to the financial statement.The fair value model Fair value of property is based on the market value. It is the price which independent player would pay for the property on the market. The company should use an expert who will confirm the fair value. The fair value has to be defined every accounting period. Fair values of investment properties are reported in the balance sheet and the changes in fair are reported in the profit and losses. The depreciations are not used in the fail value model. The choice of accounting method affects company? s solvency.When the company has made a choice to use the fair value method the total sum of balance sheet will change on the market prices. Ho wever company? s liabilities do not change. If the estate? s value decreases the company? s gearing ratio will also decrease. This is the situation when solvency has been measured by gearing ratio. I think this is a better way because balance sheet is more indicative now. If the cost model is used solvency does not change when the market prices are changing. The choice of value method affects also on company? s ROE.If the level of rent is climb it means that profit is also going up. When company uses the fair value method ROE will be almost same as before. loot go up and shareholder? s equity also finds. In the situation where the cost value method is used value of estates do not change when the level of rents rise. So the fair value method is more indicative in case of real return on equity. Silic Inc. has used the cost model as they shoot valuated their investment properties. Their ROA was 3. 41 % in 2004. If they had chosen the fair value method ROA would feed been 2. 94%.Qu estion 2 In the promenade 10 according to Investment Property Industry fair value seems to give better information about real estate companies because of the nature of the industry. adept negative side of the fair value model, however, was the difficulty to make comparisons with historical accounting information. There are a couple of(prenominal) paragraphs in IASB conceptual framework which apportion with the performance and changes in financial position. It is important that the users of financial statements can make their economic decisions and predict future profits based on reliable information.One of the soft characteristics of financial statements is comparability (paragraphs 39-42) which means that the financial statements of an entity should be comparable through time. According to these views the negative side of the fair value model mentioned earlier would not be in line with the IASB conceptual framework. On the other hand the comparison between other entities migh t be easier when on that point are no mistakes or misevaluation in the financial statements. Among International accounting Firms and Associations fair value model seems to be the only reliable way of use in step financial statements.Fair value model brings transparency in financial statement that school principals to reduction of the usance of results by managers. According to National Financial Authorities thither is, however, no rush needed to reform accounting too fast partially because of the lack of education as International Accounting Firms and Associations states. It is logical that Accounting Firms and Associations think that fair value model is the most reliable way to use in valuating. For example for auditors fair value model would make the auditing easier because there would be less malpractice or it would be easier to agnize those.IASB conceptual framework highlights the importance of reliable and faithful representation in recognizing and measuring peaks. Par agraph 34 says that sometimes there are difficulties to devote proper(ip) measurement technique that correspond with the event. That is why the use of fair value model would ease identifying the right way of valuing an event in some situations and increase transparency and understandability in financial statements. Financial Institution Investors argue that fair values have problems with the volatility of earnings and may be too subjective.Financial Analysts go along with Financial Institution Investors and state that fair value model allows greater manipulation of results and introduces volatility. According to IASB conceptual framework, paragraphs 36 and 3942, financial statements should be neutral and comparable which means that subjective valuating is not allowed to occur. Still especially with the values of the assets which are not quoted on the Stock Market may include more subjective valuating in the prices even though used professionally qualified valuers.That may master mind to manipulation and not to transparency as discussed earlier. Fair value model may also enable some volatility of earnings between prior financial statements which may lead to difficulties to compare financial statements with historical data. One of the qualitative characteristics of financial statements in the IASB conceptual framework is prudence. Measuring events have to run with caution especially under uncertainty which means that using the fair value model should be done with prudence and also according to mall over form principle (paragraph 35).That reduces the risk of too subjective valuating. Also the paragraphs 37 and 46 highlight that the valuating must be neutral to ensure the reliableness and true and fair view of financial statements which decreases the possibility of making too considered valuating. Problems with fair value described by authorities are real except can be solved by following IASB conceptual framework and other standardizes and especially by fo llowing the substance over form principle. Question 3 There is some kind of disadvantages of the cost model. The cost model is not relevant information.It looks at the acquisition cost of an asset and does not recognize the current market value. For example some item that was purchased 15 years ago could be worth much more than the balance sheet shows. A property purchased many years ago and which is registered in the balance sheet at the original cost does not reflect the current market price. another(prenominal) disadvantage of the cost model is its obvious flaws in times of inflation. This one accounting model also based on the assumption that the currency in which transac- tions are recorded remains stable, so that its purchasing power remains the same over a period of time.Another main point with regards to inflation is rise in prices for an asset. An asset purchased at a point in time may be expensive in the future. Moreover effects of inflation may not be the same for all com panies in the market and the cost model accounts become almost unhelpful when comparing corporate performances. Advantage of the cost model is that this model focuses on the services the asset will provide rather than the precise physical asset. The cost model also helps managers to forecast futures operating(a) be based on the past data.It is give tongue to that the basic function of the cost model accounting is to tell to user the cost of the thing. At jump one disadvantage of the fair value model is frequent changes. And that because an item? s value can change frequently in volatile markets. This is seen to lead to major swings in a company? s earnings and value. The fair value model is also kept less reliable because bookkeepers may find fair value accounting less reliable than the cost model accounting. For example when items have different values in different areas. It is also said that inability to value assets is a disadvantage.Businesses with specialized assets or inves tment packages may find it difficult to value these items on the open market. The fair value model is claimed to reduce book value. Typically company? s book value changes when a company buys new assets or disposed old assets. The fair value model? s advantage is that it reduces net income both it is realistic financial statement and this model is very good for investors. And when a company is using fair value model so then values of assets decreases and same time calculates net income decreases. This in one of the advantages to companies because a level net income results in lower taxes.When company uses the fair value method so then financial statements are more accurate than in those companies not using this method. Because assets are reported for their actual value so then it results in more realistic financial statements. In fact, the fair value model also offers advantages for investors as well. We pep up Silic to choose the fair value model. There is different kind of featu res which are reasons why we chose the fair value model. At first transparency, international investment and seasonableness are better when a company uses the fair value model.Although when we are talking about historical cost comparisons and volatility of earnings so these things are better in the cost model method. Finally maximizing reported performance, financial accounting standards board and information quality were reasons why we chose the fair value model. Silic owns properties near airports and therefore properties consist of offices and light industrial spaces. So in such a case the premises are not suitable for erect to one company use. That is the reason why the fair value model is the best way to appreciate the properties.Location and purpose are such that the properties are liquidated at the market if necessary, so the appreciation of the quality of reporting is the best alternative. If we assume that International Accounting Standards Board would start to use only o ne model in the future so we had to make our choice. After comparing benefits which are told before in this text between the cost model and the fair value model we decided to choose the fair value model. Because we saw that this model would be better to Silic. In addition all advantages of the fair value model look better in the future scenario.Question 4 IFRS 13 p. 3 states that when a price for an identical asset or liability is not observable, an entity measures fair value using another valuation technique that maximizes the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. Because fair value is a market-based measurement, it is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk Investment properties are not traded at an active market so a valuation technique has to be used.Alternatives are to use either an income approach or a market approach. In Silics case I woul d use the income approach to measure the fair value of the investments properties. IFRS 13 p. B10 states that the income approach converts future arrives to a single current amount, for example cash flows converted to discounted amount. The income approach is intend to directly reflect or model the expectations and behaviors of typical market participants. Consequently, this approach is generally considered the most applicable valuation technique for income-producing properties, where sufficient market data exists. Wikipedia 2013. ) Income approach includes different valuation techniques. These techniques are for example, present value techniques, option pricing models and the multi-period excess earnings method. Fair values can be calculate in different ways. The nature and location of investment properties have an effect on the fair values. However, I dont think the choice of method should depend on the nature and location of investment properties. I see that regardless of which method is used the nature and location will affect on the fair values so that the fair values will be accurate.Question 5 IFRS 1 p. 6 states that an entity shall prepare and present an opening IFRS statement of financial position at the date of transition to IFRSs. This is the starting point for its accounting in accordance with IFRSs. Silics first IRFS reporting period is 1. 1. 2005-31. 12. 2005. Silic presented one-year comparative degree information for the year 2004. Therefore, its date of transition to IFRSs is the beginning of business on 1 January 2004. So Silic should prepare its opening IFRS statement of financial position at 1 January 2004.Question 6 According to IFRS 1 paragraph 10d, assets and liabilities should be valued by using IFRSs which means that assets and liabilities should be recognized and valued as IFRS would have always been in use in the company. The paragraph 100 in the Framework includes different kind of ways to measure assets and liabilities. One of th e possibilities is historical costs which is the most commonly used measurement basis according to the framework. Assets must be valued at fair value or at the amount of cash paid and liabilities at the amount of proceeds received in exchange for the obligation.According to IFRS 1 Appendix D paragraphs D5-D7 an entity may elect to measure an item of property, plant and equipment at its fair value or use a previous GAAP revaluation if the revaluation is comparable to fair value or cost or depreciated cost in accordance of IFRSs. These options are also available for intangible assets including goodwill, research and development and for investment property if an entity elects to use the cost model in IAS 40. In addition according to IFRS 1 Appendix C paragraphs C1-C5 an entity can choose between two options how to measure goodwill.An entity can apply IFRS 3 and either apply IAS 21 to measure goodwill or not apply IAS 21 and treat goodwill as assets and liabilities of the entity (C2). I f an entity choose not to use IFRS 3, according to paragraph C4g, goodwill can be its carrying amount in accordance with previous GAAP. In addition there are few adjustments to follow if required. Because of the differences between the accounting policies of GAAP and IFRS an entity have to recognize adjustments that arise from events and transactions before the date of transition to IFRSs. An entity shall recognize those adjustments directly in maintained earnings. (IFRS 1, paragraph 11. )

Ethical conduct and the work environment -Apple Inc Essay

good motive defined is simply principals of right and wrong, or good and bad. Many raft debate that chaste philosophy be personal, religious and social behaviours, besides this is not the case. In to mean solar days business world ethics be critical to the organise surround, as all members of organisations follow a frame head for the hills including semipublic acceptance, policies and procedures which argon generally guided by law. Business ethics be moral principles that guide the behaviour of and inwardly the organisation the importance of business ethics is more important than ever in todays society. To operate in a moral and honourable manner is essential for the company to further bring in in the future to come. The autograph of plow is designed by the company to utilize integrity base decision-making and to achieve satisf make upion for the organisation internally and externally. Working in an ethical manner benefits the organisation finished the satisfaction of their employees, investors and customers (Global Post, 2013).But ethical practises go beyond the expected morals in an organisation. In this day and age businesses atomic number 18 more willing to make an impact on their community by gift to social programs, investing in developing countries and lobbying for political change (Udemy, 2013). Its important that all businesses make to achieve higher standards of ethical and morality for future generations. apple Inc. is a multinational American pile which originated on 1st April 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne. orchard apple tree designs and manufacturers electronics, computers and software, the most popular hardware products are Macintosh including the iPod, the iPh unmatched and iPad. With 284 sell locations across 10 different countries apple is the swelledst technology organization in the world. apples scratch of conduct states orchard apple tree suppliers are required to grant safe working(a) co nditions, treat workers with dignity and respect, act fairly and ethically, and use environmental responsible practises where ever they make products or perform services to Apple(Apple Inc. 2014).Unfortunately Apple has disregarded some of their ethical standards and caused big ethical issues for the company 2011 Apple was criticised and the issues caught the public eye for appalling ethics through forced overtime, child labour and different inexcusable working conditions in their manufacturing factories in Southern chinaware, operated by a manufacturing company Foxconn (Wopschall, 2013). Poor work conditions and high felo-de-se rates of Apple employees in Southern China shortly leaked tothe public. This publicity shocked many and Apple then vowed to clean up their provide chain (ref). As a result Tim Cook, Chief decision maker of Apple implement processes in place to control the working conditions and improve constraints in the factories. Apple the technology giant has now gi ven Pegatron a contract for manufacturing goods collect to the high volume of product essential. With blackball public criticism surrounding Foxconn Apple is veering away from the unethical conduct that went on.Sadly erstwhile a take in there have been cases of similar activity in Pegatrons factories. In 2013 an undercover probe took place by China Labor Watch (CLW) from March until July. There were many interviews conducted with workers outside the grinder which released information regarding the factories violations. The probes where undertaken at one-third factories Shanghai, Riteng and AVY, all three factories included a amount of about 70,000 workers. The investigation identified ethical standards that were organism breached, as workers were earning approximately $1.50 per hour ($268 per month) which is not sufficient funds to brave on this has led to working overtime with 11 hour days, six days a calendar workweek (total 66 hours per week) with majority of the time spent standing up. Chinas law confirms 49 hours per week is the recoil of working hours and overtime is limited to 36 hours and must be paid correctly (CLW, 2013). Apple were trying to cover this by forcing workers to sign forms indicating that overtime hours were less than what they were (CLW, 2013).In addition pregnant fair sex were working these absurd hours, effectively breaking Chinese laws that re fixed employers to ask pregnant woman to work more than 8 hours a day. In the Pegatron factories there were over 10,000 venial and student workers aged amidst 16 and 20 years, they were placed in the production rooms alongside the adults completing the same job, although being an intern (student) the wages lessened due to school deductions whilst other underage workers didnt receive stipend on time (CLW, 2013). Many of the underage workers whom were under 18 years were hired through tercet partingy agents this made it easier getting through the recruiting process. Child labor is inappropriate and should not be tolerated we are in the 21st century and for many years had activists working to eliminate slavery. There are no exceptions and for such a large company like Apple this unethical behaviour is unacceptable.The factories provide dormitories for workers due to the long hours which cost $19.65 per monthfor an eight person dorm. Founded through investigation by CLW the dormitories housed 8-12 people, the rooms were icky and crowded, and the bathrooms and urinals were very unhygienic. In the shower blocks there was two dozen showers shared between hundreds of workers (CLW, 2013). After a long day of hard work these workers didnt have much to look forward to other then a line up for a quick cold shower. Sadly workers had little index to push for better conditions because they did not know how independent unions functioned (NY Times, 2012). CLW revealed the number of violations in Apples supply chain, a total of 86 labor right violations, 36 which were legal and 50 ethical. The investigation that took place only expiry year 2013 released what violations were occurring inside the factories dispatch labour treat, womans rights violation, underage labour, contract violations, insufficient training, excessive working hours, insufficient wages, poor work conditions, poor living conditions, labor health and safety concerns, abuse by pull offment and environmental pollution (CLW, 2013).Throughout pegatrons factories International and Chinese laws have been continuously broken, not only have Apple been breaking these laws but breached their own standards. In their social responsibility code of conduct Apple requires its suppliers to operate in accordance with the principals in this Apple supplier code of conduct and in full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations (Apple Inc. 2014). As proven a businesss greatest asset is their employees no matter where you stand in the hierarchy everyone still plays a part so all should be appreciated equally. Workers abide by organisation policies and procedures and will perform in an environment with integrity and strong ethics, and will not take advantage if they have pride and believe in what they are doing. How can you expect the workers to perform to the best of their ability if they are taken for apt(p) and depreciated.These large factories find ways to reduce expenses by cutting corners, pushing employees to work longer and faster, and permutation chemicals with cheaper alternatives. So far the end result for the workers has been unfair and unethical. When new products are released such as the Apple iPhone 5, more pressure is put on the manufacturing chain. Apple sold 5 million iPhone over one weekend and sold approximately 10 times the amount by the end of the quarter (Wopschall, 2013). This demand was high because of the volumes of product needed resulting in employees forcing themto work faster and longer, and within these factories employees will be repl aced at the drop of a hat if they lack efficiency. The violations dont stop there as Apple continues manufacturing, environmental and safety standards are being breached. Apple was contacted by the Institute of Public and Environmental personal matters (IPE) due to their poor environmental performance.Apple was asked to increase management of their environmental performance of factories in its supply chain. There were major concerns which needed observation and attention as they were chronically out of compliance with the environment regulations (Udemy, 2013). The factories were discharging toxic metal like copper and nickel, breaching international safety standards, ignoring health concerns and disposing hazardous gasconade falsely (Udemy, 2013). Once inspections started more problems rose with storing and handling of hazardous chemicals and the disposing and recycling wasnt up to standard by law. Stated on Apples website is a list of efforts to manage the environment performance of its suppliers, which includes babys room gas emissions and removing of toxic substances. Apples code of conduct has detailed rules to control hazardous substances, solid waste, water-waste and air emissions (Apple Inc. 2014). weakness to comply with these rules as Apple has not prevented pollution.Part of the manufacturing process for the iPhone and iPad uses high density PCB fabrication which requires a lot of power and water to produce, the chemicals etching the laminate can result in environmental violations due to the large quantities of air and water pollution (Udemy, 2013). Apples environmental responsibilities should be abided by, also noted by IPE Apple doesnt have an actions productivity review to record their suppliers environment performances. With no legitimist records you are ineffective to evaluate processes and implement improvement and change. Ethical issues in Apple factories and ongoing public criticism its time for Apple to address the problems properly, no t just a quick fix. Over the last three years Apple has made efforts and small improvements to better working conditions for their employees.However the work environments still mud unhuman and proven through investigations which only took place last year there is still a lot of corruption occurring in these factories where standards are breached. The excessive hours of overtime workers are doing inevitably to be managed and controlled with strict working hour limits, once reach theovertime limit employees are unable to continue working overtime. In research overtime constraints were implemented but were not followed up and controlled. New policies and procedures should be implemented in all factories with regular inspections to ensure employees conditions are of appropriate standards and abide with Chinas Legislation. This of course leads to better pay rates so workers can survive without feeling the need to work ridiculous overtime. Also its very important that Apple make efforts to minimise illegal underage workers, understandably the factories will always have young workers through internships.However its Apples responsibility to manage their students offering opportunities and work experience, therefore I believe constraints should be put in place to limit the number of internships accepted in the factories at one point in time. Apple needs to bring on a strategic plan to clean up the factories inside and out, to improve environmental practises and develop pulverisation cleanliness. Looking at the staff quarters is a good start to this process, what can be alter at low cost like general hygiene in the rooms and bathrooms. Assessing the number of people living in the quarters as its essential to pass through and not overcrowd the rooms. future tense development or renovations to improve comfort, having enough shower blocks and bathroom facilities to accommodate the number of employees living in. If the standards are lifted not only in the staff quart ers but also the factories this will provide workers with more pride, therefore staff will be happier and perhaps less turnover will occur. completely over the world organisations and individuals have been working towards environmental sustainability to better our future. Reasons for implications of laws and regulations are aimed at safe and ethical use and disposal of all hazardous substances. Apple needs not to ignore the fact that their suppliers are not working in alignment of their environmental responsibility. What is restricting the factories to improper disposal of hazardous waste and recycling, there is no excuse for the factories to dispose and recycle incorrectly as all organisations have responsibilities. If the master key processes of reaching environmental standards isnt working. Then clearly it needs to be updated and if new infrastructure needs to be implemented then so be it. Apple should be portraying a positivist influence on environmental sustainability.Especia lly because people all over the world are purchase their products with promises bytheir attainment of values that Apple as a company exceed customer expectations which goes beyond the hardware you purchase from a store. The importance of ethics in the business world is following moral principles and adhering by the code of conduct as founded through investigations Apple has displayed some appalling ethical behaviour, act child labor, working overtime, breaching environmental standards and other excusable conduct. Making changes is not going to happen overnight, but with ethical decision making and focus towards morality, Apple will be on the right track to implement a better working environment internally and externally.Training should be pursued for employees to gain a greater understanding of what ethical standards and behaviours are expected under the Apple code of conduct. If consequences are in place for workers who breach the code perhaps this would give them more incentive to follow the ethical and moral pathway that apple has perceived. Along with Apple organisations around the globe they must pride on ensuring ethical standards are included in their policies and procedures and align with legislation. This will promote and educate people on ethical standards and ensure sustainability is achieved.ReferencesApple Inc, Apple Supplier Code of Conduct version 4.0, January 2014, retrieved on 1/04/14 from https//www.apple.com/supplier-responsibility/pdf/Apple_Supplier_Code_of_Conduct.pdf Business Ethics Case, Cody Wopschall, Apple Inc, Severe Employee Abuse, 2013, retrieved on 2/04/14 from http//businessethicscases.blogspot.com.au/2013/04/apple-inc-severe-employee-abuse-2011.html China Labor Watch, Apples Unkept Promises Investigation of Three Pegatron Group Factories Supplying to Apple, July 2013, retrieved on 8/04/14 from http//www.chinalaborwatch.org/pro/proshow-181.html David Mielach, Business News Daily, Is It Ethical To Own An Iphone?, February 2012, retrieved on 5/04/14 from http//www.businessnewsdaily.com/1979-owning-iphone-ethical.html Global Post, The Benefits and Importance of Ethics in the Workplace, 2013, retrieved on 8/04/14 from http//everydaylife.globalpost.com/benefits-importance-ethics-workplace-7414.html The Guardian,Apples Chinese workers treated inhumanely, like

Jean Piaget Essay

This grammatical case select is on a young girl named Debby. She was ascertained in a at her upgrades home over the last weekend. She is 3 course of instructions of age. She is the only child, and lives with both p bents. She has her own bedroom. She loves anything Disney princesses, she similarly does not like dark colors, b rightfield colors are her favorite and she likes the color pink. She like play with dolls, playing kitchen, and she told me that her favorite thing was to ride in milliamperes car.Debby dislikes playing trucks and boys game, she did not have any problem playing with boys or girlsbut while observed at a birthday party, she rather plays with girls, than to play with boys. She also does not like dark colors, bright colors are her favorite. She does go to speech therapy to work on her words as both parents are actively working professionals. Debby is a very fascinating young girl, and it was exciting to do a case tuition over her. For a child of age four, Debby is very active. Debby is average for her physical development. Debby is physically fit, and enjoys playing with others when. Beca spend she was observed at their at home, some questions were directed to her mother.According to a outgrowthand weight chart, the average point for a 3 year old girl is 37 inches. Debby is 38 inches in height, and she weighs 36 pounds (CDC growth chart. ) Debby is a very active child. She enjoys running around every chance that she gets. When playing outside Debby tolerate kick, throw, bounce, and catch a ball adequately. She is growth her eye-hand coordination. When asking her to do these tasks, Debby is open to run, she can hop on both feet, and she can jump up and down. She needs more time to get skipping down, but she tries her best. Debby is able to dress and undress herself without assistance.Debby likes theindependence of being able to pick out her clothes that she wants to wear. She is very palmy using iPad and some other operating ele ctronics in the house. One of her favorite activities to do is to paint and draw. period painting, she likes to make a mess, because she thinks that it is fun to paint with her hands. Debby is in the Pre- operational stage cognitively. Pre-operational stage is from ages 2 to 7, and Debby fits in this category, because she is 3 years old. Cognitively, Debby is in the normal category, because according to develop mentalists she is developing normal for her age.Examples are that Debby k instantaneouslys how to bring through letters in the alphabet. She knows how to write her name, she just does not know the correct order the letters go in. She is able to count, she is a good listener, and she is becoming interested in how to sound out certain words. These are just a few cognitive abilities, which are normal for 3 year olds. As each year passes, and as Debby continues to get older, cognitively she provide continue to progress. Debbys Language culture is improving. Debby does encoun ter speech therapy. When she talks sometimes you in reality have to listen hard to what she is saying.When she gets excited about(predicate) something, she will start talking really fast, and we have to remind her to slow down. When she gets upset, she will normally start crying, so she is encouraged to use her words to explain what is wrong. Though sometimes, she say something which she means the opposite. Her basic speech problems are annunciation, and getting some sounds confused with one another. For example bs and ds. Speech has really helped her, she has only been going for a little over two months, and we can already see a drastic change in her words. On occasions, you will find Debby talking or discussing with herself.According to hermother, she commonly does this when she is trying to figure something out. I enjoyed watching this taking place. I also tried to test her about her memory and recollection. I asked her about what she does on her birthday because her birthday w as the previous Sunday. She was able to tell me how mummy overlyk her to the park. Her thinking ability is very superb Cognitively, Debby is s in the normal category for a 3 year old. In the Jean Piaget theory, she is in the pre-operational stage. She loves going to school and also like to try refreshful thing.She is well behaved and according to mum, she always goes around to greet both the teachers andstudents alike whenever she is entering or departure the school. Debby is rapidly developing many social and emotional abilities and skills. Her growth and behavior reflects the abilities that are expected of her age. Debby is developing rapidly and cognitively, she is developing normally. On the issue of Moral development, there are some cases that she knows what is right. She has begun to know right from wrong. She has started to find others opinions of self to be important. Like on Sunday in church after service, their pastor came around to say hello and he greeted he by sayin g whats up men? but she replied Im not a man, Im a girl everybody there just laugh at the way she responded. She possesses a lot self-controlling and is less battleful but sometimes uses verbal threats like you will be in trouble or I will slap you but to my understanding, she did not even know the meaning of those words. I enjoyed my case study on Debby. Through it, I was able to learn many penetrating strategies to see and understand if children are progressing adequately, according to their age throughout the early stages of their life.It is crucial that children progress accordingly so they donot fall behind in school and in life. After doing this case study I now know what tips and signs to look for when deciding if a child is progressing in all aspects of life. Debby compared to an average 3 year old is normal, her age and behavior are well correlated. I am amazed with her memory. I overheard her relation a Nigerian folklore and I asked he to sing it for us again and she did not miss too much from the lyrics. Debby is in Piaget Preoperational Stage as she was able to think about things symbolically and her language use becoming more mature but her still not completely logical.Also, Debby belongs to the Musculo-Anal in the Eriksons Stages of Development because she is self-sufficient in many activities, including toileting, she can feed herself, walking, and her talking is becoming clearer. I really enjoyed discover Debby, it was a great experience and I hope to put it into practice in my field of study. whole caboodle Cited Use Of World Health Organization And CDC Growth Charts For Children Aged 0-59 Months In The United States. MMWR Recommendations & Reports 59. RR-9 (2010) 1-14. Consumer Health smash EBSCOhost. Web. 19 Apr. 2014.

David Jones SWOT Essay

David Jones Ltd (DJS), one of Australias oldest and most recognised department lineages was founded in Sydney in 1838 and is a retailer of diversified harvest-tides ranging from clothes to daily home products. This reputes purpose is to cater the David Jones Board and Senior Management advice with the assessment of SWOT, resources, capabilities and strategies with a Balanced Scorecard and Strategy mapping as the measurement of the strategies. Part A-1 David Jones Strategic Analysis SWOTSTRENGTHS de versionity Name, Product and Brand PortfolioDJS was the initiatory department store in Australia and its black-on-white hounds tooth was judged one of the Australias top ten favourite trademarks in 20061. DJS maintains a wide variety of products and greases ranging from fashion to electrical dandys with a portfolio of over 1000 grimes covering international and topical anesthetic labels as well as its own internal DJS and DJS Plus label names. Services PortfolioDavid Jones o ffers both in store and pecuniary services to cater for clients. In store services include personal obtain, behavior advisors, beauty and free health screening services. Financial services hand overd include David Jones Platinum AMEX, Qantas Frequent Flyers points and the DJS submit card. Corporate services provided include DJ gift cards. investment firm PortfolioOperates 35 stores and twain w behouse outlets in metropolitan locations nationally. The four premium Sydney and Melbourne CBD retail properties ar owned outright with 85,000 sqm of retail space summation existing leased properties and the opening of impertinently village format stores in areas with appropriate demographics with no study stock centre. Capability for Fund RaisingEven with challenging retail conditions, DJS balance sheet exhibits blotto fundamentals exhibited by solid cash f grims, low debt to equity and debt to asset balances in FY11 and FY12. WEAKNESSES High Brand Switching Low Brand Loyal tyDJS is primarily a mid to advanced-end luxury brand. With the multitude of product and service options available for consumers from direct and indirect competitors and the current economic environment, David Jones target merchandise is now seeking out bargains when it comes spending. Limited Global PenetrationWith the globalisation of retailing, DJS faces formidable competition in an attempt to growing its penetration in domestic and international markets as confirmed in the IbisWorld Report, the globalisation of this industry is low but the trend is change magnitude. Weak utilityability IndicatorsVolatility in the global equity markets, financial uncertainty in Europe and the US and weak domestic consumer sen eonnt impacted on DJS financial performance leading to a decline in all profitability ratios in 2012 as compared to FY112. assign Target MarketDavid Jones focuses on the premium market and with a constitute external driver of retail sales being real disposable income, DJS market primarily comprises of the baby boomers with high disposable income, who downstairs the current economic climate receive reduced their spending dramatically. (IbisWorld 2012 p.15) OPPORTUNITIES Growth prospects E-RetailWith cultivatements in technology and an change magnitude number of people utilising either computer or smartphone platforms, the trend towards online shopping is increasingly popular market both for its high efficiency and convenience with massive potential still to be explored in Australia. Statistics fork up 12% of sales earnings are derived from e-retail in UK compared to 4.9% in Australia. Business transformationWith the rise of E-commerce, consumers have more than(prenominal) options than ever before. To seize the opport unity and become a more enhanced profitable unit is to be vigilante across tunes in that respectby giving customers m whatsoever options for purchasing products, which involve providing the personalisation of strong-arm stor es, online options for convenience and usage done social media. Brand expansionGlobalization brings in more brands and more competition from other countries. Instead of being a competitor, DJS sees this as an opportunity of a win-win situation by cooperating with more international suppliers evidenced by the introduction of three hundred new brands over the past 26 months. Business expansionThe physical store is an experiential centre where customers are able to interact with the brand and although e-retail provides choice, convenience and access, face to face customer service still reigns supreme (business insider article) the physical store plays an fundamental role in the retail industry allowing consumers to touch, feel and take a product home fast. By increasing physical mien, and improving systems and processes, companies will be able to enhance the customer experience. THREATS Customer income and choice influenceReal household disposable income has reflected a downward trend from 2009 to 2013 and household saving did non decrease during 2012, which reduced the invention of cash prey meaning store sales will be affected by a decreased aim of income remaining for shopping after spending on daily necessities. In addition to this, switching hails remain low for customer changing their preferences because of the diverseness of options like Myer, K-Mart or the brand retailer like ZARA and Gucci. Counterfeit goods marketAs globalisation brings in new and various products, counterfeit goods withal spread quickly. This has a disconfirming influence on topical anaesthetic retailers and trademark owners by taking a counseling part of their local market divide, taking advantage of the designs of a brands products as well as the millions of jobs lost, lost tax revenue and additional public functionance spending as a result of counterfeit products. Competitive environmentThere are an increasing number of overseas and online competitors entering the Australia market. In addition, a strong Australia currency and online business exploration is also seen as a threat to retailers for it has adeflationary impact on domestic sales4. Growing meshing and wages rising cost of doing business in generalIbisWorld has stated that the capital to wage cost is expected to be 16.590 in 2013. Although industry research indicates employment and wages reducing in 2013, David Jones is increasing sales staff working hours and introducing hundreds of new positions in a bid to improve customer service and exponentiation. Part A-2From our analysis on the external environment we have understood that in modern years the Australian department store industry has been characterised by increasing competition due to the presence of online competitors and overseas specialists, like Zara and Top Shop. Moreover, adverse macro-economic conditions further decrease the potential profitability of the industry. In item after the GFC, a deteriorated consumer sen timent index and a reduced real household disposable income together with a strong Australian dollar increase the aim of rivalry significantly. In this kind of environment, we powerfully believe that DJS must rely on two fundamental capabilities first class customer engagement and customer service and Brand Positioning.These two capabilities are mainly based on a parking area group of resources in addition to some specific resources that are tabled in Appendix X in detail. Upon analysis of the internal environment of DJS, the key factors for the success of the firm are The property portfolio, which includes a wicket of extremely well located and high-end profile buildings in all the major cities in Australia. These stores are crotchety and highly desirable assets for a premium retailer, are highly costly to imitate and surd to embossment for potential premium competitors since they are a highly scarce resource. DJs is a particularly well-capitalised company with significant borrowing capacity as demonstrated by a gearing ratio of 13%, interest coverage ratio of 14.5x (FY12) and excess cash held allowing the company to continue investing in the development of its strategy. The brand portfolio with over 1000 brands DJS can meet the expectations of its customers and reckon the preservation of its premium brand lead as home of brands The employees and management culture DJS has and continues to invest in training and development programs to ensure that the face and the leaders of the company are strongly oriented to customer retention and satisfaction. In assessing whether the two capabilitiesmentioned above constitute a core competency for DJS, we have reached the following conclusion 1) Ability to develop and maintain first class customer engagement and customer service CriteriaAssessmentValuableYesA high level of customer service is a key element for the success of the David Jones differentiation strategy. noble-mindedYesIn the department store comp etitive arena only Myer have achieved a homogeneous level of customer service. Non-substitutableYesOn-line based competitors can circumnavigate some key resources of this capacitance such as premium store locations and well-trained employees through an efficient on-line web store, however the physical experience of shopping in the store can non be replaced. Costly-to-ImitateNoFirst class customer service is extremely difficult to imitate and would require any potential competitor to heavily invest in training and services, although as Myer (Roy Morgan Awards in 2012) has shown this capability can be replicated in the coarse run. According to our vision, DJS has a temporary competitive advantage from its first class customer engagement and service since, at the positioning quo only Myer has a similar capability. However, it is of primary importance that DJS keep improving, for instance through an impeccable implementation of its OCR strategy in stray to further improve the quali ty of its customer service so as to avoid new entrants reaching the same level of service. 2) Brand Positioning ability to maintain premium leadership status in the department store market as the Home of Brands CriteriaAssessmentValuableYesThis capability helps DJS to explain its premium price and to increase customer loyalty. RareYesThe premium brand of DJS is a unique capability no ones in the actual competitive environment can rely on a similar core competency. Non-substitutableYesThere is no strategic substitute for this capability the DJS brand is one of the most iconic brands in Australia. Costly-to-ImitateYesDeveloping a brand identity comparable to DJS is not one that can be achieved easily by competitors due to the massive investment required and the unique historical conditions that have contributed to form it. DJS has a Sustainable Competitive Advantage from its brand and in our opinion, the firm should heavily supplement on it to successfully implement its future strat egy. PART A3 Stakeholder AnalysisStakeholder groupSpecific interestAssessment of shareowner value alignment1. EmployeesEmployees in David Jones as same as other employees who are interested in premium payout, promotion, training and recognition from employers. Fair company policies e.g. safety workplace and effective company talk and structure are additional requirement staff are looking Employee reward to encourage employee to flow in their idea to the business e.g. Innovation Workshop Training provided to retain staff executive leadership program, Future leaders program, Operations Online Compliance Training Incentive program in different level of management that align with shareholder value, e.g. New Frontline Incentive Incentive program only represents part of employees salary which means employees interest is not fully aligned with shareholders.2. CustomersCustomers in David Jones prefer exclusiveness. The products they purchase from DJS wont be able to find outside the store. That also applies toshopping experiences which they are serviced in professional and favorable environment that cannot be experienced in other shops. Customers expect DJS can provide the best brand with premium quality and reasonable price. Only added value products can be found in DJS Customers are common to look for better price with top quality and service however shareholders expect DJS to be more profitable with generous dividend, especially DJS have maintained GP in these few years. It is a fact that both parties interests are contradicted. Ultimately customer satisfaction draws higher sales and margin. Mainly skilful and loyal customers can maintain the profits in long term which shareholders can receive value3. SuppliersThey want to maintain good relationship with David Jones and make long term contract to get good margin for their business. Because of the reputation of DJ, suppliers want to achieve their brand recognition in the market. Suppliers value do not align with DJs shareholders value, they desire to maximize their margin but the cost of goods increase which freeze off shareholders dividend. But considering the brand recognition and reputation, both shareholders and suppliers want to capture market shares. They have to obtain a balance between their interests.4. CommunityThe community expects DJ concerns more about corporate social accountability such as social wellbeing and environment sustainability such as producing environmental annual report and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. DJS outlines a list of environmentally sustainable managements to eliminate greenhouse gases, wastes and upgrade energy saving. DJS give charity depart to employees to support the National Breast Cancer Foundation and monetary support other charities. Community is not fully satisfied as DJS only concern a small portion of the society. Every group of stakeholders value has certain degree of alignment with shareholders but none of them is fully in lin ed. DJ relatively put more effort to appreciate employees who are the key personnel to draw the sales. However, the unbalance of stakeholders investment will disappoint the others and DJS should be careful to avoid any relationship damage. Part A-4 David Jones Generic Business Level StrategyIn a highly saturated and competitive retail environment, David Jonespursues a Differentiation Strategy. It has historically targeted the 30 to 54 year old high income woman and the strategic factors relevant to her and is now seeking to expand this market to include the younger propagation with medium to high disposable income. David Jones is known as a quality store and to achieve this, it focuses on providing a combination of exclusive product ranges, a high standard of customer service, image and store presentation and location. This is directly evidenced by optimisation of the David Jones private label and the introduction of over 300 new brands over the past 26 months. Additionally, furthe r investment in customer service and engagement via increased frontline staff hours and in-store events as well as its continued focus on its personal shopping service and the introduction of style advisors offers their target shopper the complete shopping experience. PART BTransformationsuitabilityAccording to pro-rata population, the number of online customers in Australia ranks the third, but the sales generated from e-channel are far lower than other countries (IBIS-pp33). Although there is increasing competition in online business, retailers need online channels to expand business and take advantage of e-commerce to manage both national and international customers (IBIS-PP4). FeasibilityIn 2012, David Jones invested more than A$11 million in Technology CAPEX (AR12) and allocated a 200 person team in collaboration with IBM to successfully implement its scientific revolution. High bargaining power with suppliers and very strong brand identity can greatly assist in the Price Har monisation Process. Overall, David Jones has the necessary borrowing capacity and management skills to properly implement its reverse strategy. ConsistencyDJS strategic point of Transforming the Business is not entirely consistent with its generic business level strategy but aims to provide a solid structural retail platform upon which its supplemental strategic points of strengthening the core business and growing the store network canflourish as stand for by price harmonisation which allows DJS to be competitive on price but not a discounter. Shareholders repute ImplicationThis is insecure to conclude that Omni channel is profitable when other competitors have already got a well developed system several years ago. The cost to maintain and develop this channel will take a couple of years to recover and reduce profit margin in the short term. Better customer engagement via mobile or internet and price reduction through price harmonization will attract more customers to shop at D JS over competitors, with potential to set off the expenses and eventually increase profit margin in long term.Strengthening the core businesssuitabilityAfter the global financial crisis, expected profit margin decline to 3.9% in 2012-2013s department industry with scaling back of disposable income, cost reduction becomes a key factor for safekeeping GP margin (IBIS pp19). Keeping high margin categories helps to increase GP margin. Brand portfolio is also grave for mitigating competition from the effect of globalization. However, even though DJS has a better inventory management system, cutting time for clearance events may still cause excess inventories, which may incur inventory costs. Overall, this strategy is worthy in the current environment. FeasibilityIn 2012 David Jones added 85 new brands into its Home of Brand model. DJS can leverage on its brand positioning and on its knowledgeable merchandising team to develop its brand portfolio. DJS has the financial resources to fu lly complete the store redevelopment program. This together with the change in product mix (Fashion& beaut/Home) should guarantee a higher GP margin. The reduction of the CODB is based on the management teams capabilities and on the new investment in technology that have allowed a more efficient way of conducting business.ConsistencyStrengthening the Core Business is directly related to DJS generic strategyof differentiation through its focus on Offering the best National and International Brands and the high value refurbishments it is undertaking. By keep to invest in and expand its brand portfolio as well as the image and presentation of its stores and the preparation of accompanying services, DJS provides an experience not offered by any other department store in Australia. Shareholders Value ImplicationIn the short time, expanding labels and store refurbishment will lower DJS margin. In long term, the aim for David Jones is to minimize COBD and strengthen GP generation which i mproves operational profit and ultimately increases dividend to shareholders.B2 Key Stakeholder ImplicationsImpact on this stakeholder groupProposal to better align stakeholder interests with shareholder value 1. EmployeesPositive open challenge and opportunity. It is risky but it will be profitable if success Negative senior management was forced to leave DJS due to internal restructure happened in 2012.Time to adapt new systems and management. High risk to fail the duologue with supplier to harmonise the cost.2. CustomersPositive better shopping experience (store refurbishments). Open another channel to shop (Internet/mobile) welcome lower price better customer service more brands to shop Increase customer retention and loyalty (more exclusive brands) profitable customers which drive higher profit and give out more dividend. Lower price encourage to choose DJ over competitors and potentially improve margin Store refurbishment attracts more customers to come and visit.3. Sup pliersNegative Cost of good is entitled to price harmonization agreement. Profit is minimised. Increase competition between suppliers when DJS introduce morelabels to sell. Increase brand awareness and market share to offset the margin loss due to price harmonisation. Shareholder is also benefit if sales are promoted by lowering the price.4. CommunityPositive Mobile apps and website will facilitate the communication with the community and provide more business opportunities to benefit the society. Introducing more products of choice to society and encouraging employment rate. Negative refurbishment and new stores increase greenhouse gas emission and wastes.The new strategies have both positive and negative impact on stakeholders. The above analysis gives us a picture that customer is clear succeeder and supplier is loser in these new strategies. DJS has a lot of works to do in order to create the links of interest between all stakeholders and shareholders. Suppliers benefit will b e captured in long term if DJS can achieve the goals of these strategies and increase sustainable sales.